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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Respiratory toxicology remains a major research area in the 21st century since current scenario of airborne viral infection transmission and pollutant inhalation is expected to raise the annual morbidity beyond 2 million. Clinical and epidemiological research connecting human exposure to air contaminants to understand adverse pulmonary health outcomes is, therefore, an immediate subject of human health assessment. Important observations in defining systemic effects of environmental contaminants on inhalation metabolic dysfunction, liver health, and gastrointestinal tract have been well explored with in vivo models. In this review, a framework is provided, a paradigm is established about inhalation toxicity testing in vitro, and a brief overview of breathing Lungs-on-Chip (LoC) as design concepts is given. The optimized bioengineering approaches and microfluidics with their fundamental pros, and cons are presented. There are different strategies that researchers apply to inhalation toxicity studies to assess a variety of inhalable substances and relevant LoC approaches. A case study from published literature and frame arguments about reproducibility as well as in vitro/in vivo correlations are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in soft robotics, systems inhalation toxicology approach integrating bioengineering, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to address a multitude model for future toxicology are discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202100633 | DOI Listing |
Toxicol Rep
December 2024
Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States.
Unlabelled: Thermal spray, in general, is a process that involves forcing a melted substance, such as metal or ceramic in the form of wire or powder, onto the surface of a targeted object to enhance its desired surface properties. In this paper, the melted substance is metal wire generated by an electric arc and forcibly coated on a rotary iron substrate using compressed air. This thermal process is referred to as double-wire arc thermal spray.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicology
December 2024
Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are advanced biomaterials valued for their strength, lightweight nature, and low thermal expansion, making them suitable for diverse industrial applications. However, their potential inhalation risks necessitate thorough safety evaluations. This study investigates the pulmonary inflammatory effects and retention of CNFs following intratracheal instillation in rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRespir Physiol Neurobiol
December 2024
Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. Electronic address:
Transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) is expressed in the trigeminal nerves in the nasal cavity. It detects irritant chemicals such as formalin and acrolein, induces respiratory depression to protect against further inhalation, and elicits avoidance behavior. Although tobacco smoke contains formalin, acrolein, and other irritant chemicals, the possible contribution of TRPA1 to protection against tobacco smoke has yet to be fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropharmacology
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA. Electronic address:
Acute intoxication by toluene usually follows intentional inhalation to achieve a "high", which may lead to repeated use due to toluene's reinforcing properties. In both acute and chronic intoxication brain function is primarily affected. Neuronal and glial elements participate in toluene's reinforcing properties and chronic toxicity, yet the targets underlying acute toxicity remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address:
Environmental exposure to pesticides at levels deemed safe by regulatory agencies has been linked to increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, the mechanisms linking exposure to these disorders remain unclear. Here, we show that maternal exposure to the pesticide deltamethrin (DM) at the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) disrupts long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus of adult male offspring three months after exposure, a phenotype absent in female offspring.
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