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Identifying the species involved in shark bite incidents is an ongoing challenge but is important to mitigate risk. We developed a sampling protocol to identify shark species from DNA transferred to inanimate objects during bite incidents. To develop and refine the technique, we swabbed shark bite impressions on surfboards and wetsuit neoprene collected under semicontrolled conditions. Methods were tested experimentally and then successfully used to identify the species involved in a real-world shark bite incident. Thirty-two of 33 bite impressions yielded sufficient DNA sequences for species identification, producing barcodes from five test species, including dusky, Galapagos, bull, tiger, and white shark. The latter three species collectively account for a majority of shark bites worldwide. Our method successfully identified the species (Galeocerdo cuvier) responsible for a fatal shark bite on December 8th, 2020 on the island of Maui, from swab samples collected from the victim's surfboard 49 h after the bite incident. Our experimental results demonstrate that shark species can be accurately identified from transfer DNA recovered from bite impressions on surfboards and wetsuit neoprene. The successful use of our method in the real-world incident shows great potential for the practicality of this tool. We recommend DNA swabbing as a routine part of the forensic analysis of shark bites to help identify the species involved in human-shark interactions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14808 | DOI Listing |
Curr Biol
December 2024
School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. Electronic address:
In the open ocean, achieving camouflage is complicated by the fact that the downwelling light is generally much brighter than the upwelling light, which means that any object, even if its ventral surface is white due to countershading, will appear as a dark silhouette when viewed from below. To overcome this, many marine species employ counterillumination, whereby light is emitted from photophores on their ventral surface to replace the downwelling light blocked by their body. However, only a single behavioral study has tested the efficacy of counterillumination as an anti-predation strategy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fish Biol
December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA.
In June 2024, a large female oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) was observed near San Andres Island, Colombia, bearing at least 41 healed circular scars on its skin. These scars, resembling those left by cookiecutter sharks on large teleost species, suggest repeated predation events. Cookiecutter sharks typically leave one or two bite marks per prey item, with a small percentage showing five or more marks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Forensic Sci
November 2024
Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Identifying the species of shark responsible for a bite on humans is both complex and important for understanding and managing the shark risk. Depending on the species, tiny teeth may or may not be present in the symphyseal space at the junction of the upper and lower half-jaws. In the case of bites, these tiny teeth (if present) often leave specific marks that may enable species to be quickly and reliably distinguished.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResearch on predator-prey interactions between sharks and cetaceans remain limited. Here, we report on a video of a shortfin mako shark circling a finless porpoise with a damaged caudal fin in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. The finless porpoise was neither emaciated nor inactive, but unable to swim effectively due to the complete lack of a caudal fin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
July 2024
Southern Shark Ecology Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
The frequency of unprovoked shark bites is increasing worldwide, leading to a growing pressure for mitigation measures to reduce shark-bite risk while maintaining conservation objectives. Personal shark deterrents are a promising and non-lethal strategy that can protect ocean users, but few have been independently and scientifically tested. In Australia, bull (Carcharhinus leucas), tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier), and white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) are responsible for the highest number of bites and fatalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!