Objective: Quantitative Encephalography (qEEG) depicts synthetically the features of EEG signal and represents a promising tool in the assessment of neurophysiological changes brought about by Anti-Seizure Medications (ASMs). In this study we characterized qEEG alterations related to add-on therapy with Perampanel (PER). PER is the only ASM presenting a direct glutamatergic antagonism, hence the characterization of PER induced EEG changes could help to better understand its large spectrum of efficacy.
Methods: We analysed standard-19 channel-EEG from 25 People with Epilepsy (PwE) both before (T0) and after (T1) the introduction of PER as add-on treatment. Normal values were obtained in 30 healthy controls (HC) matched for sex and age. EEGs were analysed using Matlab™ and the EEGlab and Brainstorm toolkits. We extracted spectral power and connectivity (Phase locking Value) of EEG signal and then compared these features between T0 and T1 and across groups (PwE, HC), we also evaluated the correlations with clinical features.
Results: PwE showed increased theta power (p = 0.036) after the introduction of PER but no significant change of EEG connectivity. We also found that PwE have reduced beta power (p = 0.012) and increased connectivity in delta (p = 0.013) and theta (p = 0.007) range as compared to HC, but no significant change was observed between T0 and T1 in PwE. Finally, we found that PwE classified as drug responders to PER have greater alpha power both at T0 and at T1 (p = 0.024) suggesting that this parameter may predict response to treatment.
Conclusions: PER causes slight increase of theta activity and does not alter connectivity as assessed by standard EEG. Moreover, greater alpha power could be a good marker of response to PER therapy, and potentially ASM therapy in general.
Significance: Our results corroborate the hypothesis that pharmaco-EEG is a viable tool to study neurophysiological changes induced by ASM. Additionally, our work highlights the role of alpha power as a marker of ASM therapeutic response.
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