Background: To reduce the coronavirus disease burden in England, along with many other countries, the Government implemented a package of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that have also impacted other transmissible infectious diseases such as norovirus. It is unclear what future norovirus disease incidence is likely to look like upon lifting these restrictions.
Methods: Here we use a mathematical model of norovirus fitted to community incidence data in England to project forward expected incidence based on contact surveys that have been collected throughout 2020-2021.
Results: We report that susceptibility to norovirus infection has likely increased between March 2020 to mid-2021. Depending upon assumptions of future contact patterns incidence of norovirus that is similar to pre-pandemic levels or an increase beyond what has been previously reported is likely to occur once restrictions are lifted. Should adult contact patterns return to 80% of pre-pandemic levels the incidence of norovirus will be similar to previous years. If contact patterns return to pre-pandemic levels there is a potential for the expected annual incidence to be up to 2-fold larger than in a typical year. The age-specific incidence is similar across all ages.
Conclusions: Continued national surveillance for endemic diseases such as norovirus will be essential after NPIs are lifted to allow healthcare services to adequately prepare for a potential increase in cases and hospital pressures beyond what is typically experienced.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.09.21260277 | DOI Listing |
Small
December 2024
Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8224, Japan.
The assembly of biological systems forms nonequilibrium patterns with different functionalities through molecular-level communication via stepwise sequential interaction and activation. The mimicking of this molecular signaling offers extensive opportunities to design self-assemblies of bioinspired synthetic nonequilibrium systems to develop molecular robots with active, adaptive, and autonomous behavior. Herein, the design and construction of biomolecular motor system, microtubule (MT)-kinesin based molecular swarm system, are reported through stepwise sequential interactions of DNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrim Behav Ment Health
December 2024
Psychological Services, Broadmoor Hospital, Crowthorne, UK.
Background: The term neurodiversity is an umbrella term for any atypical pattern of cognitive ability, including but not confined to neurodevelopmental disorders. Research suggests that several neurodivergent conditions are overrepresented in offender populations, with a recent survey suggesting that over half of those coming into contact with the criminal justice system may have a neurodivergent condition. Considerable effort has been invested in trying to divert people with such conditions out of long-stay hospitals, but nevertheless, a few studies in secure hospitals suggest that while prevalence in hospitals may be lower than in prisons, it is high relative to the general population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mol Cell Biol
December 2024
School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
Upon injury, fibroblasts in the surrounding tissue become activated, migrating into the wound in a controlled manner. Once they arrive, they contract the wound and remodel the stroma. While certain cell surface receptors promote fibroblast migration, others cause repulsion between fibroblasts upon contact, seemingly opposing their clustering within the wound bed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Primatol
January 2025
School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Intergroup competition for limited resources is a significant selection pressure that drives the evolution of animal society. The rhesus macaque (Macaca Mulatta) is the most widely distributed nonhuman primate in the world and can adapt well to environments disturbed by humans. In some areas, human provisioning provides ample food resources for rhesus macaques, leading to an increase in their population size, inevitably affecting competition patterns within and between groups.
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