AI Article Synopsis
- - Despite their importance in cell communication, the types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and how they’re released are still not fully understood, particularly regarding their formation as either exosomes or ectosomes.
- - In a study using HeLa cells, researchers tracked EV markers CD9 and CD63 and found that ectosomes (generated at the plasma membrane) are released more abundantly than exosomes (formed in endosomal compartments).
- - By analyzing the proteins on these vesicles and how they respond to changes in endosomal pH, the study identifies some proteins unique to exosomes and ectosomes, paving the way for better understanding and differentiation of these vesicle types in various cell types.
Article Abstract
Despite their roles in intercellular communications, the different populations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their secretion mechanisms are not fully characterized: how and to what extent EVs form as intraluminal vesicles of endocytic compartments (exosomes), or at the plasma membrane (PM) (ectosomes) remains unclear. Here we follow intracellular trafficking of the EV markers CD9 and CD63 from the endoplasmic reticulum to their residency compartment, respectively PM and late endosomes. We observe transient co-localization at both places, before they finally segregate. CD9 and a mutant CD63 stabilized at the PM are more abundantly released in EVs than CD63. Thus, in HeLa cells, ectosomes are more prominent than exosomes. By comparative proteomic analysis and differential response to neutralization of endosomal pH, we identify a few surface proteins likely specific of either exosomes (LAMP1) or ectosomes (BSG, SLC3A2). Our work sets the path for molecular and functional discrimination of exosomes and small ectosomes in any cell type.
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Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8289845 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24384-2 | DOI Listing |
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