Catatonia is a rare neuropsychiatric syndrome that can accompany various medical conditions, including schizophrenia, autoimmune encephalitis, and infectious diseases. We present two cases of catatonia in males aged 12 and 17 years from Central Asia who tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 antibodies. Detailed medical assessments declined other potential precipitating factors, including schizophrenia or anti-NMDA receptor autoimmune encephalitis. FDG-PET in the younger patient demonstrated focal hypometabolism in left frontotemporal and right associative visual cortex, matching patterns previously seen in adults with catatonia. These isolated findings raise concerns about a possible causal relationship between COVID-19 infection and risk of catatonia manifestation in adolescents.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102761 | DOI Listing |
J ECT
December 2024
From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) tends to manifest as a mixture of neuropsychiatric and somatic symptoms, either of which may predominate, and often shows a progressive clinical course sometimes leading to life-threatening conditions. Catatonic and psychotic syndromes, regardless of whether associated with dysautonomia, are common manifestations of AE, especially concerning the anti-NMDAR subtype. Several autoantibodies targeting different neuronal epitopes have been linked to specific clinical manifestations and their detection is embedded in some of the diagnostic criteria for AE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Clin Transl Neurol
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center, Johns Hopkin School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Objective: Encephalitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition of infectious or autoimmune cause. We aim to characterize the frequency and clinical spectrum of presenting psychiatric symptoms in encephalitis in order to inform earlier recognition and initiation of treatment.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of adult patients who met the 2013 International Encephalitis Consortium (IEC) and/or 2016 Graus criteria between February 2005 and February 2023.
J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA, 33613; Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32608.
Background: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare yet potentially fatal iatrogenic syndrome that can manifest with life-threatening symptoms. Theorized to be caused by the dopamine-blocking effects of certain medications, such as antipsychotics, or the withdrawal of dopaminergic agents, NMS is characterized by hyperthermia, autonomic instability, altered mental status, and muscular rigidity. Most treated cases resolve within weeks; however, in some cases, residual catatonic symptoms can persist for months after the resolution of acute hyperthermic and hypermetabolic symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Cases
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
This is a case report of a previously healthy 26-year-old female with unexplained neurological symptoms that eventually developed malignant catatonia. Because malignant catatonia has a range of clinical manifestations, making prompt diagnosis a challenging task. Due to her relapsing symptoms, the patient was admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit three times in less than 2 months, and eventually recovered with high doses of lorazepam and several electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatments after a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurocase
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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