Host metabolism has recently gained more attention for its roles in physiological functions and pathologic conditions. Of these, metabolic tryptophan disorders generate a pattern of abnormal metabolites that are implicated in various diseases. Here, we briefly highlight the recent advances regarding abnormal tryptophan metabolism in HIV and infection and discuss its potential impact on immune regulation, disease progression, and neurological disorders. Finally, we also discuss the potential for metabolic tryptophan interventions toward these infectious diseases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.666227 | DOI Listing |
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
January 2025
College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China. Electronic address:
Olanzapine (OLZ) is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia, and its metabolic side effects have garnered significant attention in recent years. Despite this, the specific side effects of OLZ and the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. To address this gap, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to OLZ at concentrations of 35.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China. Electronic address:
This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of different degrees of substitution (DS) on the properties of propionylated and butyrylated starches and to investigate their efficacy and mechanisms in ameliorating autism-like phenotypes. Fourier transform infrared spectra of propionylated and butyrylated starches revealed the presence of the CO absorption peak at 1730 cm. Additionally, as the DS increased, the surface of the starch granules became rougher, and the crystallinity decreased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of neurodevelopmental (schizophrenia) and aging-associated (mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia) neurodegenerative diseases. Limited efficacy of current pharmacological treatments warrants further search for new targets for nootropic interventions. The breakdown of myelin, a phospholipids axonal sheath that protects the conduction of nerve impulse between neurons, was proposed as a neuropathological abnormality that precedes and promotes the deposition of amyloid-β in neuritic plaques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychiatry
December 2024
Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Introduction: Aggression and self-harm disproportionately occur in youths preoccupied with social status tracking. These pathological conditions are linked to a serotonin (5-HT) deficit in the brain. Ablation of 5-HT biosynthesis by tryptophan hydroxylase 2 knockout (TPH2-KO) increases aggression in rodents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutr J
December 2024
Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Background: Although emerging evidence suggests that indole derivatives, microbial metabolites of tryptophan, may improve cardiometabolic health, the effective metabolites remain unclear. Also, the gut microbiota that involved in producing indole derivatives are less studied. We identified microbial taxa that can predict serum concentrations of the key indole metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) at population level and investigated the associations of indole derivatives and IPA-predicting microbial genera with cardiometabolic risk markers.
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