Background: Respiratory epithelium expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the entry for novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), pathogen of the COVID-19 pneumonia outbreak, although a few recent studies have found different ACE2 expression in lung tissue of smokers. The effect of smoking on ACE2 expression and COVID-19 is still not clear. So, we did this research to determine the effect of smoking on ACE2 expression pattern and its relationship with the risk and severity of COVID-19.
Methods: The clinical data of COVID-19 patients with smoking and non-smoking were analyzed, and ACE2 expression of respiratory and digestive mucosa epithelia from smoker and non-smoker patients or healthy subjects were detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.
Results: Of all 295 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, only 24 (8.1%) were current smokers with moderate smoking or above, which accounted for 54.2% of severe cases with higher mortality than non-smokers (8.3% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.018). Data analysis showed the proportion of smokers in COVID-19 patients was lower than that in general population of China (Z = 11.65, P < 0.001). IHC staining showed ACE2 expression in respiratory and digestive epithelia of smokers were generally downregulated.
Conclusions: The proportion of smokers in COVID-19 patients was lower, which may be explained by ACE2 downregulation in respiratory mucosa epithelia. However, smoking COVID-19 patients accounted for a higher proportion in severe cases and higher mortality than for non-smoking COVID-19 patients, which needs to be noted.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2020.201124 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Profiling epithelial viral receptor expression in amniotic membrane and nasal epithelial cells at birth.
Placenta
December 2024
Telethon Kids Institute, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
Introduction: Children with wheeze and asthma present with airway epithelial vulnerabilities, such as impaired responses to viral infection. It is postulated that the in utero environment may contribute to the development of airway epithelial vulnerabilities. The aims of the study were to establish whether the receptors for rhinovirus (RV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are expressed in the amniotic membrane and whether the pattern of expression is similar to newborn nasal epithelium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNewly Proposed Dose of Daclatasvir to Prevent Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Transgenic ACE-2 Mice.
Viruses
November 2024
Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, RJ, Brazil.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still causes death in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, for whom the sustainability of the vaccine response may be limited. Antiviral treatments, such as remdesivir or molnupiravir, have demonstrated limited clinical efficacy. Nirmatrelvir, an acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) major protease inhibitor, is clinically effective but has been associated with viral rebound and antiviral resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization of Site-Specific N- and O-Glycopeptides from Recombinant Spike and ACE2 Glycoproteins Using LC-MS/MS Analysis.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Digital Omics Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea.
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths globally. Although vaccination campaigns are mitigating the pandemic, emerging viral variants continue to pose challenges. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a critical role in viral entry by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, making both proteins essential targets for therapeutic and vaccine development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFState of Knowledge About Thyroid Cancers in the Era of COVID-19-A Narrative Review.
Biomedicines
December 2024
Clinical Department of Diabetology, Hypertension and Internal Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
Thyroid cancer (TC), due to its heterogeneous nature, remains a clinical challenge. Many factors can initiate the carcinogenesis process of various types of TC, which complicates diagnosis and treatment. The presented review gathers current information on specific types of TC, taking into account the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with the enveloped RNA betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, led to a global pandemic involving over 7 million deaths. Macrophage inflammatory responses impact COVID-19 severity; however, it is unclear whether macrophages are infected by SARS-CoV-2. We sought to identify mechanisms regulating macrophage expression of ACE2, the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and to determine if macrophages are susceptible to productive infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!