AI Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to understand how the immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients, focusing on the development and durability of both humoral (antibody-mediated) and cellular immunity.
- Researchers tracked hospitalized patients from the acute phase of COVID-19 through their recovery at 5 and 9 months, employing various immune response assessments like flow cytometry and serological assays.
- Results indicated that while antibody levels decrease over time, there is still a presence of neutralizing antibodies and strong memory B and T cell responses, suggesting long-term immune protection against reinfection.
Article Abstract
Objectives: Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following COVID-19 will likely contribute to protection from reinfection or severe disease. It is therefore important to characterise the initiation and persistence of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 amidst the ongoing pandemic.
Methods: Here, we conducted a longitudinal study on hospitalised moderate and severe COVID-19 patients from the acute phase of disease into convalescence at 5 and 9 months post-symptom onset. Utilising flow cytometry, serological assays as well as B cell and T cell FluoroSpot assays, we assessed the magnitude and specificity of humoral and cellular immune responses during and after human SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Results: During acute COVID-19, we observed an increase in germinal centre activity, a substantial expansion of antibody-secreting cells and the generation of SARS-CoV-2-neutralising antibodies. Despite gradually decreasing antibody levels, we show persistent, neutralising antibody titres as well as robust specific memory B cell responses and polyfunctional T cell responses at 5 and 9 months after symptom onset in both moderate and severe COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion: Our findings describe the initiation and, importantly, persistence of cellular and humoral SARS-CoV-2-specific immunological memory in hospitalised COVID-19 patients long after recovery, likely contributing towards protection against reinfection.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8256672 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1306 | DOI Listing |
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