Self-report depression screening measures for older Hispanic/Latin American adults: A PRISMA systematic review.

Background: Assessing depression symptoms in Hispanic/Latin American (H/Ls) older adults, a group at high risk for depression, is nuanced due to the influence of cultural characteristics in symptom expression and manifestation. Little is known about the psychometric properties of available measures when used with this population.

Methods: We conducted a two-stage systematic review of available depression assessment tools. We first identified self-report measures designed for use with adults. We then identified studies where at least one of such measures was used with older H/Ls that reported psychometric properties for the measure(s) used.

Results: Only 3 measures were identified for use with older H/Ls: the BDI, GDS, and CES-D. However, few data were found to support the validity of the BDI, and the CES-D was not consistently valid across cultural groups. The GDS was found appropriate, though its performance varied based on race/ethnicity, nationality, and cutoff scores. The CES-D and GDS also demonstrated varying psychometric properties based on study setting (research versus clinical) and target population (inpatient psychiatric patients versus community-dwelling individuals).

Limitations: The number of articles that met criteria for inclusion in our review was small, and there was variation among samples of the few studies included.

Conclusions: Currently available self-report depression screening measures have acceptable applicability among older H/Ls, but their utility may vary based on their intended use. Modified cutoff scores may be beneficial in maximizing the utility of these measures when given to diverse older adults.