Autophagy is a critical mechanism for the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. Bombyx mori midgut has stem cells that play a role in the regeneration of the larval epithelium in larval stages and the formation of the pupal midgut epithelium during larval-pupal metamorphosis. In this study, the role of the autophagy mechanism in midgut stem cells during the formation of the pupal midgut was investigated. For this purpose, two different doses of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine were administered to B. mori larvae on days 7 and 8 of the fifth larval stage. Morphological changes during the formation process of the pupal epithelium, expression levels of autophagy-related genes Atg8 and Atg12 in stem cells, and the amounts of lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase were determined after the application. The obtained findings were evaluated in comparison with the control groups. Abnormalities in the formation of the pupal midgut after inhibition of autophagy showed the significance of the autophagy mechanism during this period.
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