Compound-specific isotope analyses (CSIA) and multivariate "isotope fingerprinting" track biosynthetic sources and reveal trophic interactions in food webs. However, CSIA have not been widely applied in the study of marine symbioses. Here, we exposed a reef coral () in symbiosis with Symbiodiniaceae algae to experimental treatments (autotrophy, mixotrophy, heterotrophy) to test for trophic shifts and amino acid (AA) sources using paired bulk (δC, δN) and AA-CSIA (δC, δN). Treatments did not influence carbon or nitrogen trophic proxies, thereby not supporting nutritional plasticity. Instead, hosts and symbionts consistently overlapped in essential- and nonessential-δC (11 of 13 amino acids) and trophic- and source-δN values (9 of 13 amino acids). Host and symbiont trophic-δN values positively correlated with a plankton end-member, indicative of trophic connections and dietary sources for trophic-AA nitrogen. However, mass balance of AA-trophic positions (TP) revealed heterotrophic influences to be highly variable (1-41% heterotrophy). Linear discriminant analysis using mean-normalized essential-δC with previously published values () showed similar nutrition isotope fingerprints (Symbiodiniaceae vs. plankton) but revealed species-specific trophic strategies. and Symbiodiniaceae shared identical AA-fingerprints, whereas was assigned to either symbiont or plankton nutrition. Thus, was 100% reliant on symbionts for essential-δC and demonstrated autotrophic fidelity and contrasts with trophic plasticity reported in . While AA may originate from host and/or symbiont biosynthesis, AA carbon is Symbiodiniaceae-derived. Together, AA-CSIA/isotope fingerprinting advances the study of coral trophic plasticity and are powerful tools in the study of marine symbioses.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.11742 | DOI Listing |
Autophagy
October 2016
kb Emory University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Atlanta , GA , USA.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
January 2008
Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
Purpose: To compare VEP and fMRI as a means of detecting the abnormal visual projections in albinism in different stimulation conditions.
Methods: Cortical response to monocular full-field pattern-onset and hemifield pattern-onset and -reversal stimulation of 18 subjects with a known diagnosis of albinism, 17 control subjects, and 6 control subjects with infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) was determined by VEP and fMRI. An asymmetry index was used to quantify the extent of response lateralization as measured by both VEP and fMRI.
Br J Nutr
February 2004
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, UK.
Protein synthesis and turnover in ruminal micro-organisms were assessed by stable-isotope methods in order to follow independently the fate of amino acid (AA)-C and -N in different AA. Rumen fluid taken from sheep receiving a grass hay-concentrate diet were strained and incubated in vitro with starch-cellobiose-xylose in the presence of NH3 and 5 g algal protein hydrolysate (APH)/l, in incubations where the labels were (15)NH3, [(15)N]APH or [(13)C]APH. Total (15)N incorporation was calculated from separate incubations with (15)NH3 and [(15)N]APH, and net N synthesis from the increase in AA in protein-bound material.
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