AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the immune response to less-studied non-structural and accessory proteins of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing over 2,300 COVID-19 patient sera.
- Important findings reveal that proteins like NSP1, NSP7, NSP8, RdRp, ORF3b, and ORF9b generate strong IgG responses, differing from responses to the more well-known S and N proteins.
- The research indicates that IgG levels against these proteins relate to disease severity and decline rapidly after infection, providing insights into the virus's immunology and potential implications for understanding patient outcomes.
Article Abstract
The immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome is largely unknown, especially for non-structural proteins and accessory proteins. In this study, we collect 2,360 COVID-19 sera and 601 control sera. We analyze these sera on a protein microarray with 20 proteins of SARS-CoV-2, building an antibody response landscape for immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM. Non-structural proteins and accessory proteins NSP1, NSP7, NSP8, RdRp, ORF3b, and ORF9b elicit prevalent IgG responses. The IgG patterns and dynamics of non-structural/accessory proteins are different from those of the S and N proteins. The IgG responses against these six proteins are associated with disease severity and clinical outcome, and they decline sharply about 20 days after symptom onset. In non-survivors, a sharp decrease of IgG antibodies against S1 and N proteins before death is observed. The global antibody responses to non-structural/accessory proteins revealed here may facilitate a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunology.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8233850 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109391 | DOI Listing |
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