The COVID-19 crisis has emphasised the need for antiviral therapies to combat current and future viral zoonoses. Recent studies have shown that immune cells such as macrophages are the main contributors to the inflammatory response seen in the later inflammatory phase of COVID-19. Immune cells in the context of a viral infection such as SARS-CoV-2 undergo metabolic reprogramming to elicit these pro-inflammatory effector functions. The evidence of metabolic reprogramming in COVID-19 offers opportunities for metabolites with immunomodulatory properties to be investigated as potential therapies to combat this hyper-inflammatory response. Recent research indicates that the metabolite itaconate, previously known to be broadly antibacterial, may have both antiviral and immunomodulatory potential. Furthermore, low itaconate levels have shown to correlate with COVID-19 disease severity, potentially implicating its importance in the disease. The antiviral potential of itaconate has encouraged researchers to synthesise itaconate derivatives for antiviral screening, with some encouraging results. This review summarises the antiviral and immunomodulatory potential of immunometabolic modulators including metformin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists and TEPP-46 as well as itaconate, and its derivatives and their potential use as broad spectrum anti-viral agents.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/immadv/ltab013 | DOI Listing |
ACS Biomater Sci Eng
January 2025
Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China.
Bacterial biofilms, complex microbial communities encased in a protective extracellular matrix, pose a significant threat to public health due to their inherent antibiotic resistance. This review explores the potential of peptides, particularly antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as innovative tools to combat biofilm-related infections. AMPs, characterized by their potent antimicrobial activity and tissue permeability, offer a promising approach to overcome the challenges posed by biofilms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
January 2025
Servei de Microbiologia i Parasitologia-CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Unlabelled: is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing severe infections in immunocompromised individuals, who often require prolonged antibiotic therapy. The emergence of carbapenemase-producing has further complicated the management of nosocomial infections, limiting therapeutic options. Cefiderocol has recently emerged as a promising antipseudomonal agent, using the bacterial iron transport system to gain entry into the cell; however, there have been reports of resistant to cefiderocol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Sci (Lond)
January 2025
Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
Metabolic and insulin-resistant diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have become major health issues worldwide. The prevalence of insulin resistance in the general population ranges from 15.5% to 44.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegr Cancer Ther
January 2025
National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the third-most prevalent cancer in humans worldwide. The current study's objective is to search for the potentiality of H. Wendl () leaf extract in a nanoemulsion (NE) form in enhancing radiotherapy against HCC induced in rats using diethylnitrosamine (DEN).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality around the world and most of our conventional treatments are not efficient enough to combat this deadly disease. Harnessing the power of the immune system to target cancer cells is one of the most appealing methods for cancer therapy. Nucleotide-based cancer vaccines, especially deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cancer vaccines are viable novel cancer treatments that have recently garnered significant attention.
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