Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There is a close relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and omega-3 fatty acids may have a key role in improving cardiovascular risk factors. We conducted the current systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with PCOS.

Methods: We searched 4 databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to February 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of omega-3 fatty acid treatment for PCOS. According to the Cochrane system evaluation guide manual, 2 researchers independently assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. We pooled results using either a fixed effect model or random effect model.

Results: We identified 314 articles, of which 10 met the criteria for inclusion, involving 778 participants. The pooled results suggested an association between the supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and a reduction in serum insulin [-2.58 pmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.34 to -1.82 pmol/L, P<0.00001, I2=0], homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-0.57, 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.40 L, P<0.00001, I2=2%), serum total cholesterol (TC) (-6.87 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.28 to -3.47 mg/dL, P<0.0001, I2=95%), serum triglyceride (-4.03 mg/dL, 95% CI: -5.53 to -2.52 mg/dL, P<0.00001, I2=97%), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (-6.64 mg/dL, 95% CI: -11.58 to -1.70 mg/dL, P=0.008, I2=99%), serum very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (-3.29 mg/L, 95% CI: -6.54 to -0.05 mg/L, P=0.05, I2=72%), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-8.97mg/dL, 95% CI: -17.66 to -0.28 mg/dL, P=0.04, I2=99%), an improvement in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (2.94 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.63 to 5.26 mg/dL, P=0.01, I2=87%), but no effect on serum glucose (-0.76 mg/dL, 95% CI: -1.71 to 0.19 mg/dL, P=0.12, I2=73%) was found.

Discussion: The current meta-analysis demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for women with PCOS resulted in a statistical improvement in insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, triglyceride, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and HDL-C, but did not affect serum glucose. The limitation of this paper is due to the lack of included research literature.