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Maternally inherited piRNAs direct transient heterochromatin formation at active transposons during early embryogenesis. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The piRNA pathway is crucial for controlling transposon expression in animal germ cells, helping to maintain genome stability across generations.
  • Maternally inherited Piwi protein plays an important role during early embryonic stages, helping to silence transposons before the zygotic genome is activated.
  • Research involving a modified Piwi protein showed that its presence in embryos temporarily regulates transposon activity, suggesting that some mobile elements might evolve to evade silencing in germ cells by expressing in somatic cells during early development.

Article Abstract

The PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway controls transposon expression in animal germ cells, thereby ensuring genome stability over generations. In , piRNAs are intergenerationally inherited through the maternal lineage, and this has demonstrated importance in the specification of piRNA source loci and in silencing of and elements in the germ cells of daughters. Maternally inherited Piwi protein enters somatic nuclei in early embryos prior to zygotic genome activation and persists therein for roughly half of the time required to complete embryonic development. To investigate the role of the piRNA pathway in the embryonic soma, we created a conditionally unstable Piwi protein. This enabled maternally deposited Piwi to be cleared from newly laid embryos within 30 min and well ahead of the activation of zygotic transcription. Examination of RNA and protein profiles over time, and correlation with patterns of H3K9me3 deposition, suggests a role for maternally deposited Piwi in attenuating zygotic transposon expression in somatic cells of the developing embryo. In particular, robust deposition of piRNAs targeting , an element whose expression is mainly restricted to embryonic development, results in the deposition of transient heterochromatic marks at active insertions. We hypothesize that , an extremely successful mobile element, may have adopted a lifestyle of expression in the embryonic soma to evade silencing in germ cells.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8352587PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.68573DOI Listing

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