AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study tracked 839 household contacts of TB patients over 2 years to identify risk factors for developing TB, revealing that most cases were in individuals aged 15 to 30.
  • - It was found that those who progressed to TB had lower levels of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and produced less IL-1α when exposed to TB antigens, which indicates a possible immune response impairment.
  • - The research suggests that low thyroid hormone levels may increase the risk of developing active TB, particularly in young individuals, as demonstrated by experiments on mutant mice with altered thyroid hormone receptors.

Article Abstract

In the current study, we followed 839 household contacts (HHCs) of tuberculosis (TB) patients for 2 years and identified the factors that enhanced the development of TB. Fourteen of the 17 HHCs who progressed to TB were in the 15- to 30-year-old age group. At baseline (the "0" time point, when all the individuals were healthy), the concentration of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) was lower, and there were increased numbers of Tregs in PBMCs of TB progressors. At baseline, PBMCs from TB progressors stimulated with early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and 10 kDa culture filtrate antigen (CFP-10) produced less IL-1α. Thyroid hormones inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth in macrophages in an IL-1α-dependent manner. Mtb-infected Thra1PV/+ (mutant thyroid hormone receptor) mice had increased mortality and reduced IL-1α production. Our findings suggest that young HHCs who exhibit decreased production of thyroid hormones are at high risk of developing active TB disease.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8410087PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.148271DOI Listing

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