Proof of Concept for Shoot Blight and Fire Blight Canker Management with Postinfection Spray Applications of Prohexadione-Calcium and Acibenzolar--Methyl in Apple.

To reduce the severity of shoot blight and prevent the resulting development of cankers on perennial apple wood, we evaluated eight fire blight postinfection spray programs of prohexadione-calcium (PCA) alone or with acibenzolar--methyl (ASM) over 2 years. On mature trees of cultivar Royal Court, a single application of the high PCA rate (247 mg/liter) at 2 to 3 days after inoculation resulted in 89.5 and 69.5% reduction of shoot blight severity after inoculation. Two applications of PCA 247 mg/liter 12 or 14 days apart, with the first one applied 2 to 3 days after inoculation, resulted in 78.8 and 74.5% reduction of shoot blight severity in both years. A 100% control of canker incidence on perennial wood from infected shoots in both years was achieved with a single application of PCA (247 mg/liter) applied at 2 or 3 days after the inoculation, and three applications of PCA (125 mg/liter) + ASM (25 mg/liter) 12 to 16 days apart reduced canker incidence by 83.5 and 69% in the 2 years. The other programs with lower PCA rates and frequencies of application reduced shoot blight severity 50.8 and 51.8% (PCA) and 62.6 to 72% and 59.3% (PCA + ASM) over 2 years, respectively. Reduction of canker incidence on wood by the other programs was 66.5% and 69 to 90.4% in the two years, respectively. As fire blight cankers lead to death of dwarf apple trees and serve as primary sources of inoculum, our effective PCA and PCA + ASM programs could serve as viable postinfection management options. These treatments can reduce or prevent canker development and thus significantly abate tree losses in high-density apple orchards after fire blight epidemics occur.