Small businesses experienced very sharp declines in activity, business sentiment, and expectations early in the pandemic. While there has been some recovery since then, multiple indicators of small business performance remained substantially in the negative range early in 2021. These findings are from a unique high frequency, real time, survey of small employer businesses, the Census Bureau's Small Business Pulse Survey (SBPS). In contrast, results from the high frequency, real time, Business Formation Statistics (BFS) show there has been a surge in new business applications following an initial decline. Most of these applications are for likely nonemployers; however, there has also been a surge in new applications for likely employers, especially in Retail Trade (and especially Non-store Retailers). We compare and contrast the patterns from these two new high frequency data products that provide novel insights into the distinct patterns of dynamics for existing small businesses relative to new business formations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s11369-021-00229-0 | DOI Listing |
Drug Deliv Transl Res
January 2025
Kinimmune, Inc. St. Louis, 63141, Missouri, USA.
PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are mainstream agents for cancer immunotherapy, but the prognosis is unsatisfactory in solid tumor patients lacking preexisting T-cell reactivity. Adjunct therapy strategies including the intratumoral administration of immunostimulants aim to address this limitation. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), TLR9 agonists that can potentiate adaptive immunity, have been widely investigated to tackle PD-L1/PD-1 resistance, but clinical success has been hindered by inconsistent efficacy and immune-related toxicities caused by systemic exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLaryngoscope
January 2025
Sonosa Medical, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.
Objectives: Ultrasound is a promising low-risk imaging modality that can provide objective airway measurements that may circumvent limitations of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). This study was devised to identify ultrasound-derived anatomical measurements that could accurately predict collapse pattern and location based on the VOTE criteria (VOTE: Velum, Oropharynx, Tongue, and Epiglottis).
Methods: Ultrasonography was performed on 20 adult patients of various airway subsites while awake and sedated with concurrent endoscopy performed during drug-induced sleep.
Nat Hum Behav
January 2025
Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
We conducted a genome-wide association study on income among individuals of European descent (N = 668,288) to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and health disparities. We identified 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes (the Income Factor). Our polygenic index captures 1-5% of income variance, with only one fourth due to direct genetic effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
January 2025
Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
Surface defect engineering has been regarded as an appealing strategy to improve photocatalytic performance, but defects are susceptible to inactivation and thus lose their function as active sites. In this study, we successfully tailored and identified the dynamic evolution of surface hydroxyl defects over ZnTi-layered double hydroxide (ZnTi-LDH) photocatalyst. The enrichment of surface hydroxyl electrons and the dynamic circulation of hydroxyl defects result in enhanced separation and transport capabilities of photogenerated carriers, thereby ensuring the perpetual activation of small molecules into •O and •OH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Res Protoc
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent and disabling, especially in agriculture sectors. However, there is a gap in LBP prevention and intervention studies in these physically demanding occupations, and to date, no studies have focused on horticulture workers. Given the challenges of implementing interventions for those working in small businesses, self-management offers an attractive and feasible option to address work-related risk factors and manage LBP.
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