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Contrasting drought sensitivity of Eurasian and North American grasslands.
Nature
January 2025
School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
Extreme droughts generally decrease productivity in grassland ecosystems with negative consequences for nature's contribution to people. The extent to which this negative effect varies among grassland types and over time in response to multi-year extreme drought remains unclear. Here, using a coordinated distributed experiment that simulated four years of growing-season drought (around 66% rainfall reduction), we compared drought sensitivity within and among six representative grasslands spanning broad precipitation gradients in each of Eurasia and North America-two of the Northern Hemisphere's largest grass-dominated regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecurrence after surgery for clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma: Head-to head comparison of validated risk scores.
Urol Oncol
January 2025
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Introduction: The American Urology Association (AUA) recently introduced in their guidelines a subtype-agnostic, 4-tiered risk classification score to assess oncologic outcomes after surgery in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We provide a head-to-head comparison of the AUA score with 3, internationally validated and EAU recommended, histological-specific models.
Materials And Methods: We retrieved from a prospectively-maintained database 2,560 surgically-treated patients with localized RCC in a single high-volume European center (1987-2023).
Adolescent Youth Survey on HIV Prevention and Sexual Health Education in Alabama: Protocol for a Web-Based Survey With Fraud Protection Study.
JMIR Res Protoc
January 2025
Institute on Digital Health and Innovation, College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
Background: In Alabama, the undiagnosed HIV rate is over 20%; youth and young adults, particularly those who identify as sexual and gender minority individuals, are at elevated risk for HIV acquisition and are the only demographic group in the United States with rising rates of new infections. Adolescence is a period marked by exploration, risk taking, and learning, making comprehensive sexual health education a high-priority prevention strategy for HIV and sexually transmitted infections. However, in Alabama, school-based sexual health and HIV prevention education is strictly regulated and does not address the unique needs of sexual and gender minority teenagers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance and evolution of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT; OpenAI) as a resource for shoulder and elbow surgery information by assessing its accuracy on the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons shoulder-elbow self-assessment questions. We hypothesized that both ChatGPT models would demonstrate proficiency and that there would be significant improvement with progressive iterations.
Materials And Methods: A total of 200 questions were selected from the 2019 and 2021 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons shoulder-elbow self-assessment questions.
Program Director Perspectives on DEI Initiatives in the Dermatology Residency Selection Process.
Cutis
December 2024
Ogechi Obed, Ivan Rodriguez, and Dr. Worswick are from the Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Karen Lam is from the Department of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles. Dr. Van Beek is from the Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City. Dr. Rosenblatt is from the Section of Dermatology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois. Dr. Saavedra is from the Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.
The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) has maintained a commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives; however, a recent strike down of affirmative action by the US Supreme Court has caused similar efforts to be called into question. This prompted our investigation into dermatology program director (PD) perceptions of DEI programming and its integration into resident selection. A cross-sectional survey of PDs at US dermatology residency programs was conducted from April 2024 to July 2024 (N=30).
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