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(agouti) include wild rodents with highlighted ecological and economic importance, and are considered experimental models for endangered hystricognath rodents. Of late, development of techniques to conserve their genetic material as well as the formation of biobanks is increasing. In this context, this review describes the main advances in the knowledge of the reproductive morphophysiological specificities of agouti as well as the development and improvement of assisted reproductive techniques aimed at conservation, multiplication, and exploitation of their reproductive potential under captivity.