Seed specifically over-expressing DGAT2A enhances oil and linoleic acid contents in soybean seeds.

Triacylglycerol (TAG), a main component of oil, is mainly biosynthesized by diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), which is critical for oil accumulation in plants. Intensive focus has been on DGAT2 functioning in unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis. In this study, we analyzed the coding sequence (CDS) and amino acid sequence of GmDGAT2A and determined its key active sites through site-directed mutagenesis. As a consequence, H132, G201, and P152-X-I154-K155 were found to be essential active sites for GmDGAT2A. The spatial structure of the protein may bring the three active sites into close proximity, constituting an active domain. Additionally, N-terminus of GmDGAT2A was found to be an important regulator for the activity. Further, in vitro activity results uncovered GmDGAT2A was prone to utilize C18:2-CoA as the substrate. Consequently, overexpression of GmDGAT2A driven by a seed-specific promoter of Gmole1 in soybean significantly increased linoleic acid content specifically and total oil content, concomitant with accelerated elongation.