Preoperative Blood Inflammatory Markers for the Differentiation of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma from Leiomyoma.

Purpose: Preoperative diagnosis of uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is challenging because the disease can mimic benign leiomyoma (LM). The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of preoperative clinical characteristics and hematologic parameters to differentiate uterine LMS and LM.

Methods: Preoperative clinical and laboratory variables were reviewed retrospectively in patients with LMS or LM, and the significances of intergroup differences were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine optimal cut-off values for each variable. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify variables predicting the presence of LMS.

Results: The preoperative clinical and laboratory variables of 336 patients with uterine tumor were analyzed. Seventy-nine patients had LMS and 257 had LM. A significant difference was observed between LMS and LM in terms of the median value of age at diagnosis, menopausal status, white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (all < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that menopausal status (odds ratio [OR] = 3.40, = 0.002), WBC count (OR = 2.09, = 0.012), ANC (OR = 3.17, < 0.001), CRP (OR = 21.74, < 0.001), LDH (OR = 10.77, < 0.001), and NLR (OR = 2.58, = 0.001) predicted the presence of LMS.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that in older or postmenopausal patients, high WBC count, ANC, CRP, LDH, and NLR could be useful biomarkers for the differentiation of LMS and LM, which indicate that serum markers might be useful, cost-effective, and broadly available diagnostic markers for uterine LMS.