AI Article Synopsis
- A new sound sensing system using stochastic resonance (4SR) was developed to generate an acoustic pulse wave (APW) by combining apex beat and heart sound, enabling real-time cardiac monitoring in healthy subjects.
- By analyzing APW and phonocardiogram signals, researchers identified boundary frequency (BF), which helps categorize cardiac apex beat (CAB) and cardiac acoustic sound (CAS) while correlating BF with heart rate using a quadratic function.
- The system demonstrated efficient cardiac movement during a heart rate of 70 to 80 beats per minute, allowing for detailed waveform classification and indicating potential for non-invasive, long-term biological pulse wave data collection and future AI applications.
Article Abstract
With a sound sensing system using stochastic resonance (4SR), it became possible to obtain an acoustic pulse wave (APW)-a waveform created via a mixture of apex beat and heart sound. We examined 50 subjects who were healthy, with no underlying cardiovascular diseases. We could determine boundary frequency (BF) using APW and phonocardiogram signals. APW data was divided into two bands, one from 0.5 Hz to BF, and a second one from BF to 50 Hz. This permitted the extraction of cardiac apex beat (CAB) and cardiac acoustic sound (CAS), respectively. BF could be expressed by a quadratic function of heart rate, and made it possible to collect CAB and CAS in real time. According to heart rate variability analysis, the fluctuation was 1/f, which indicated an efficient cardiac movement when heart rate was 70 to 80/min. In the frequency band between 0.5 Hz and BF, CAB readings collected from the precordial region resembled apex cardiogram data. The waveforms were classified into five types. Therefore, the new 4SR sensing system can be used as a physical diagnostic tool to obtain biological pulse wave data non-invasively and repeatedly over a long period, and it shows promise for broader applications, including AI analysis.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8249642 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92983-6 | DOI Listing |
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