AI Article Synopsis
- Anxiety disorders often stem from an inability to effectively erase fear memories, with the serotonergic system, particularly the 5-HT transporter (SERT), playing a key role in anxiety regulation.
- The study assessed how a lack of SERT affects fear extinction in male and female rats through a specific fear conditioning approach, measuring immobility and 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV).
- Findings revealed that SERT deficiency reduced 22-kHz USV during fear conditioning and influenced immobility levels, with distinct behavioral patterns emerging during extinction and recovery, and anxiety-related behavior showed the strongest predictive value for fear extinction outcomes.
Article Abstract
Anxiety disorders are associated with a failure to sufficiently extinguish fear memories. The serotonergic system (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) with the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT, SERT) is strongly implicated in the regulation of anxiety and fear. In the present study, we examined the effects of SERT deficiency on fear extinction in a differential fear conditioning paradigm in male and female rats. Fear-related behavior displayed during acquisition, extinction, and recovery, was measured through quantification of immobility and alarm 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). Trait-like inter-individual differences in novelty-seeking, anxiety-related behavior, habituation learning, cognitive performance, and pain sensitivity were examined for their predictive value in forecasting fear extinction. Our results show that SERT deficiency strongly affected the emission of 22-kHz USV during differential fear conditioning. During acquisition, extinction, and recovery, SERT deficiency consistently led to a reduction in 22-kHz USV emission. While SERT deficiency did not affect immobility during acquisition, genotype differences started to emerge during extinction, and during recovery rats lacking SERT showed higher levels of immobility than wildtype littermate controls. Recovery was reflected in increased levels of immobility but not 22-kHz USV emission. Prominent sex differences were evident. Among several measures for trait-like inter-individual differences, anxiety-related behavior had the best predictive quality.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8268876 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137088 | DOI Listing |
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