Anatomical Site, Typing, Virulence Gene Profiling, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Genes of Isolates Recovered from Pigs in Spain.

A set of 207 isolates were collected from ten autonomous communities from Spain in 2019 to 2020 from pigs with meningitis, pneumonic lungs, arthritic joints or other swollen viscera, to a lesser extent. Thirteen capsular types were detected being the most prevalent serotype 2 (21.7%), followed by serotypes 1 (21.3%), 9 (19.3%) and 3 (6.3%). Serotypes 2 and 9 were recovered mainly from the central nervous system (CNS), while serotype 1 was isolated mostly from swollen joints and serotype 3 from the lungs. Twenty-five isolates (12.1%) could not be typed. The most prevalent pathotype was + + + (49 isolates, 23.8%), and it was related mainly to serotypes 1 and 2. Serotypes 1-3 and 9 were significantly associated with anatomical sites of isolation and virulence factors, serotype 9 (CNS) and serotypes 3 and 9 (lungs) being associated with virulence profiles without the gene. isolates showed globally high antimicrobial resistances, but ampicillin followed by spectinomycin and tiamulin resulted in the highest activities, while the greatest resistances were detected for sulphadimethoxine, tetracyclines, neomycin, clindamycin and macrolides. A total of 87.4% isolates were positive to the gene, 62.4% to the gene and 25.2% to the gene, while 14.6% were positive to all three genes simultaneously. A significative association between isolate resistances to tetracyclines and macrolides and the resistance genes tested was established, except for phenicol resistance and the gene. A set of 14 multiresistance patterns were obtained according to the number of antimicrobials to which the isolates were resistant, the resistances to 12 or more agents being the most prevalent ones. A remarkable amount of multiresistance profiles could be seen among the serotype 9 isolates.