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Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Response to Immunotherapy in Melanoma. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The classification of Cutaneous Melanoma is evolving, with a need for specific biomarkers to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment outcomes, as existing methods are inadequate due to the cancer's genetic complexity.* -
  • Traditional biomarkers like BRAF and NRAS aren’t sufficient for patient categorization, prompting the exploration of new omics and analytical techniques to discover and validate potential biomarkers.* -
  • Melanoma is an immunogenic cancer that has utilized immune-checkpoint blockers; however, identifying biomarkers that predict patient responses to immunotherapy is crucial for optimizing treatment efficacy.*

Article Abstract

Cutaneous Melanoma classification is constantly looking for specific and sensitive biomarkers capable of having a positive effect on diagnosis, prognosis and risk assessment, eventually affecting clinical outcome. Classical morphological, immunohistochemical and the well-known BRAF and NRAS genetic biomarkers do not allow the correct categorization of patients, being melanoma conditioned by high genetic heterogeneity. At the same time, classic prognostic methods are unsatisfactory. Therefore, new advances in omics and high-throughput analytical techniques have enabled the identification of numerous possible biomarkers, but their potentiality needs to be validated and standardized in prospective studies. Melanoma is considered an immunogenic tumor, being the first form of cancer to take advantage of the clinical use of the immune-checkpoint blockers. However, as immunotherapy is effective only in a limited number of patients, biomarkers associated with different responses are essential to select the more promising therapeutic approach and maximize clinical benefits. In this review, we summarize the most utilized biomarkers for Cutaneous Melanoma diagnosis, focusing on new prognostic and predictive biomarkers mainly associated with immunotherapy.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8228007PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122875DOI Listing

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