Extensive pig systems are gaining importance as quality production systems and as the standard for sustainable rural development and animal welfare. However, the effects of natural foods on epidemiology remain unknown. Herein, we assessed the presence of and the composition of the gut microbiota in pigs from both -free and high prevalence farms. In addition, risk factors associated with the presence of were investigated. The pathogen was found in 32.2% of animals and 83.3% of farms, showing large differences in prevalence between farms. Most isolates were serovars Typhimurium monophasic (79.3%) and Bovismorbificans (10.3%), and exhibited a multi-drug resistance profile (58.6%). Risk factor analysis identified feed composition, type/variety of vegetation available, and silos' cleaning/disinfection as the main factors associated with prevalence. Clear differences in the intestinal microbiota were found between -positive and -negative populations, showing the former with increasing and decreasing populations. Butyrate and propionate producers including , , Bacteroidaceae_uc, and were more abundant in the -negative group, whereas acetate producers like , or were more abundant in the -positive group. Overall, our results suggest that the presence of in free-range pigs is directly related to the natural vegetation accessible, determining the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061410 | DOI Listing |
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