Bee products are a well-known remedy against numerous diseases. However, from the consumers' perspective, it is essential to define factors that can affect their sensory acceptance. This investigation aimed to evaluate the volatile and sensory profiles, and sugar composition of beeswax, beebread, pollen, and honey. According to the HS-SPME/GC-MS results, 20 volatiles were identified in beeswax and honey, then 32 in beebread, and 33 in pollen. Alkanes were found to dominate in beeswax, beebread, and pollen, while aldehydes and monoterpenes in honey. In the case of sugars, a higher content of fructose was determined in beebread, bee pollen, and honey, whereas the highest content of glucose was assayed in beeswax. In the QDA, the highest aroma intensity characterized as honey-like and sweet was found in honey, while the acid aroma was typical of beebread. Other odor descriptors, including waxy, pungent, and plant-based aromas were noted only in beeswax, honey, and pollen, respectively.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113410 | DOI Listing |
Contact Dermatitis
November 2024
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College Srinagar, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Dermatitis
November 2024
Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf
September 2024
Department of Postharvest, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Commercial and Sensory Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
Animals (Basel)
July 2024
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Honeybees are some of the smallest farmed animals, and apiculture by-products, e.g., honey, beeswax, propolis, royal jelly, and pollen contribute to animal nutrition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Trace Elem Res
July 2024
Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
The study assessed the health risks associated with heavy metal ingestion and explored the use of honey bee products as a bio-indicator for heavy metal pollution. All honey bee products tested showed heavy metals, but some honey samples had concentrations exceeding permissible limits for Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr. The mean concentrations of heavy metals (mg/kg) in the honey, propolis, bee wax, and bee pollen were Fe (1.
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