Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) is a significant line of defense against bioterrorist attack from spores. However, in a subset of individuals, this vaccine may produce a suboptimal quantity of anti-protective antigen (PA), antibodies that are poorly neutralizing, and/or antibody titers that wane over time, necessitating annual boosters. To study individuals with such poor responses, we examine the properties of anti-PA in a subset of vaccinated individuals that make significant quantities of antibody but are still unable to neutralize toxin. In this cohort, characterized by poorly neutralizing antibody, we find that increased IgG4 to IgG1 subclass ratios, low antibody avidity, and insufficient antibody targeting domain 4 associate with improper neutralization. Thus, future vaccines and vaccination schedules should be formulated to improve these deficiencies.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8229884 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061204 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Jararaca GPIb-binding protein causes thrombocytopenia during Bothrops jararaca envenomation.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Inoculation of Bothrops jararaca snake venom (BjV) induces thrombocytopenia in humans and various animal species. Although several BjV toxins acting on hemostasis have been well characterized in vitro, it is not known which one is responsible for inducing thrombocytopenia in vivo. In previous studies, we showed that BjV incubated with metalloproteinase or serine proteinase inhibitors and/or anti-botrocetin antibodies still induced thrombocytopenia in rats and mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Cryo-EM structure of human CD163 bound to haptoglobin-hemoglobin reveals molecular mechanisms of hemoglobin scavenging.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
CD163, a macrophage-specific receptor, plays a critical role in scavenging hemoglobin released during hemolysis, protecting against oxidative effects of heme iron. In the bloodstream, hemoglobin is bound by haptoglobin, leading to its immediate endocytosis by CD163. While haptoglobin's structure and function are well understood, CD163's structure and its interaction with the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex have remained elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacrophage-derived extracellular vesicles transfer mitochondria to adipocytes and promote adipocyte-myofibroblast transition in epidural fibrosis.
NPJ Regen Med
December 2024
NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Epidural fibrosis post laminectomy is the leading cause of failed back surgery syndrome. Little is known about the role and mechanisms of adipose tissues in epidural fibrosis. Here, we found that obese patients were more likely to develop epidural fibrosis after spine surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAging-induced immune microenvironment remodeling fosters melanoma in male mice via γδ17-Neutrophil-CD8 axis.
Nat Commun
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
Aging is associated with increased tumor metastasis and poor prognosis. However, how an aging immune system contributes to the process is unclear. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that in male mice, aging shifts the lung immune microenvironment towards a premetastatic niche, characterized by an increased proportion of IL-17-expressing γδT (γδ17) and neutrophils.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe survival of B cells is compromised in kidney disease.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Antibody-mediated protection against pathogens is crucial to a healthy life. However, the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shown that pre-existing comorbid conditions including kidney disease account for compromised humoral immunity to infections. Individuals with kidney disease are not only susceptible to infections but also exhibit poor vaccine-induced antibody response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!