AI Article Synopsis
- Live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines imitate natural infection to enhance both systemic and mucosal immunity, with a focus on boosting protective responses through the addition of the IgA-inducing protein (IGIP).
- In experiments, the IGIP was successfully integrated into two vaccine strains, resulting in varied growth rates and immune responses, with one strain (IGIP-H1att) showing better growth and stronger protection in vaccinated mice against lethal doses of homologous viruses.
- The analysis indicated that incorporating IGIP improved immune responses, as evidenced by increased levels of IgG and IgA, suggesting it could improve the safety and effectiveness of LAIV vaccines by acting as a natural adjuvant.
Article Abstract
Live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines elicit a combination of systemic and mucosal immunity by mimicking a natural infection. To further enhance protective mucosal responses, we incorporated the gene encoding the IgA-inducing protein (IGIP) into the LAIV genomes of the cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) strain (caLen) and the experimental attenuated backbone A/turkey/Ohio/313053/04 (H3N2) (OH/04). Incorporation of IGIP into the caLen background led to a virus that grew poorly in prototypical substrates. In contrast, IGIP in the OH/04att background (IGIP-H1att) virus grew to titers comparable to the isogenic backbone H1att (H1N1) without IGIP. IGIP-H1att- and H1caLen-vaccinated mice were protected against lethal challenge with a homologous virus. The IGIP-H1att vaccine generated robust serum HAI responses in naïve mice against the homologous virus, equal or better than those obtained with the H1caLen vaccine. Analyses of IgG and IgA responses using a protein microarray revealed qualitative differences in humoral and mucosal responses between vaccine groups. Overall, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the IGIP-H1att group showed trends towards increased stimulation of IgG and IgA responses compared to H1caLen samples. In summary, the introduction of genes encoding immunomodulatory functions into a candidate LAIV can serve as natural adjuvants to improve overall vaccine safety and efficacy.
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Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310050 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070703 | DOI Listing |
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