Diabetes Metab Syndr
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:
Published: December 2021
Glucagon is crucial in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus due to the prevalence of hypoglycemia in patients with this disorder. Hypoglycemia can be life-threatening, leading to loss of consciousness, and requiring emergency glucagon to reverse the effects. Emergency kits are difficult to use, requiring reconstitution of glucagon, which itself is not stable for lengthy periods. Approaches have aimed to improve stability which has allowed for use in pens or pumps. Glucagon can now also be delivered intranasally. This review discusses the history of glucagon, its current delivery methods as well as some modern approaches being introduced.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.028 | DOI Listing |
J Manag Care Spec Pharm
January 2025
Joslin Diabetes Center, Sequel Med Tech, Boston, MA.
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) causes increased health care resource utilization (HCRU) and costs in the United States. People with T2D are more likely to have atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Medical associations recommend cardioprotective antidiabetic medications, including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with T2D with established, or a high risk of, ASCVD, but not all eligible patients receive these medications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Manag Care Spec Pharm
January 2025
Abbott Diabetes Care, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
Background: Both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have been shown to improve glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1c) levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, a US real-world study found statistically significant improvements in A1c levels among patients using GLP-1 RA and a CGM device, compared with a matched cohort receiving only GLP-1 RA.
Objectives: To assess the cost-effectiveness from a US payer perspective of initiating CGM (FreeStyle Libre Systems) in people living with T2DM using a GLP-1 RA therapy, compared with GLP-1 RA alone.
Diabetes Obes Metab
January 2025
Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany.
Aim: To explore the effects of sex and baseline body mass index (BMI) on the efficacy and safety of survodutide in people with a BMI ≥27 kg/m.
Materials And Methods: Totally 387 people (aged 18-75 years, BMI ≥27 kg/m, without diabetes) were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to once-weekly subcutaneous survodutide (0.6, 2.
J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn
January 2025
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, West China school of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
Alogliptin is a highly selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and primarily excreted as unchanged drug in the urine, and differences in clinical outcomes in renal impairment patients increase the risk of serious adverse reactions. In this study, we developed a comprehensive physiologically-based quantitative systematic pharmacology model of the alogliptin-glucose control system to predict plasma exposure and use glucose as a clinical endpoint to prospectively understand its therapeutic outcomes with varying renal function. Our model incorporates a PBPK model for alogliptin, DPP-4 activity described by receptor occupancy theory, and the crosstalk and feedback loops for GLP-1-GIP-glucagon, insulin, and glucose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocrinology
January 2025
Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
The secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is promoted by various nutrients, and glucose and fructose stimulate GLP-1 secretion via intracellular metabolism. D-Allulose (allulose), a non-metabolizable epimer of D-fructose, is also effective in stimulating GLP-1 secretion, although its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We previously observed intestinal distension after the oral administration of allulose, accompanied by increased GLP-1 secretion in rats, possibly because of the low or slow absorbability of allulose.
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