Revealing Microbiome Structure and Assembly Process in Three Rhizocompartments of Under Continuous Monoculture Regimes.

The complex composition and interaction of root-associated microbes are critical to plant health and performance. In this study, we presented a detailed characterization of three rhizocompartment (rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and root) microbiomes of under different years of consecutive monoculture by deep sequencing in order to determine keystone microorganisms co-occurrence network analysis. The network analysis showed that multiple consecutive monoculture (MCM, represented 5Y and 10Y) soils generated some distinct beneficial bacterial taxa such as , , , , and . For fungi, substituted for in occupying an important position in different rhizocompartments under monoculture. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed a significant increase in , , and spp. The results of the inoculation assay showed that addition of beneficial bacteria 74 and 75 significantly increased the root length and fresh weight of Furthermore, three types of phytosterones, as the main allochemicals, were identified both in the rhizosphere soil and in culture medium under sterile conditions by LC-MS/MS. When looking at interactions, it was found that phytosterones displayed a positive interaction with dominant beneficial species ( 4 and 75) and had a negative effect on the presence of the pathogenic fungi and . Overall, this study demonstrated that consecutive monoculture of can alter the bacterial and fungal community by secreting root exudates, leading to recruitment of beneficial microbes and replacement of plant-specific pathogenic fungi with plant beneficial fungi.