Recent studies of the medical literature have revealed numerous and serious problems. Errors in the design, methods and interpretation of studies can frequently be identified. A huge hidden problem is publication bias, the tendency for positive articles to be published, while negative articles are either not written or submitted. This can systematically lead to an overestimation of the value of treatments, of diagnostic or prognostic studies. Even more worrisome is selective reporting: only a subset of a wide array of tested hypotheses are presented (the ones that turned out to be positive with significance testing). This is particularly true for secondary endpoints and subgroup findings, but even the primary endpoints of trials have been modified when publications are compared to protocols. The peer-review process is fallible. Even if it were strengthened, reviewers cannot examine what is not reported. Hence many problems can only be mitigated with better reporting. Numerous initiatives have proposed guidelines to promote transparent reporting, but progress is slow.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.06.009 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Prenatal Diet and Infant Growth From Birth to Age 24 Months.
JAMA Netw Open
November 2024
Division of Research and Center for Upstream Prevention of Adiposity and Diabetes Mellitus, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how prenatal dietary quality, assessed through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP), impacts infant sizes at birth and growth patterns up to age 24 months.
- Researchers analyzed data from 2854 parent-child pairs participating in a long-term health program, highlighting the diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds of the participants.
- Results revealed that a healthier diet during pregnancy (high HEI score) is linked to lower likelihoods of having large infants at birth and experiencing rapid growth, suggesting that dietary choices may play a vital role in combating obesity later in life.
Comparison Between Brain and Cerebellar Autoradiography Using [F]Flortaucipir, [F]MK6240, and [F]PI2620 in Postmortem Human Brain Tissue.
J Nucl Med
October 2024
Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to compare the in vitro binding characteristics of three radiotracers ([F]flortaucipir, [F]MK6240, [F]PI2620) in postmortem brain samples from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and control groups.
- Significant differences in tracer binding were found in the whole-brain hemisphere, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus between AD and control tissues, with [F]MK6240 and [F]PI2620 showing better performance in differentiating AD cases.
- The results indicate that [F]MK6240 and [F]PI2620 have higher selectivity and binding to AD tissues compared to [F]flortaucipir,
Neighborhood Food Access in Early Life and Trajectories of Child Body Mass Index and Obesity.
JAMA Pediatr
November 2024
Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
Article Synopsis
Mechanical power made simple: validating a simplified calculation of mechanical power in preterm lungs.
Pediatr Res
June 2024
Newborn Services, Joan Kirner Women's and Children's, Sunshine Hospital, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Background: The incidence of chronic lung disease is increasing, suggesting a need to explore novel ways to understand ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) in preterm infants. Mechanical power (MP) is a unifying measure of energy transferred to the respiratory system and a proposed determinant of VILI. The gold-standard method for calculating MP (geometric method) is not feasible in the clinical setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHost factors are associated with vaginal microbiome structure in pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort Consortium.
Sci Rep
May 2024
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Using pooled vaginal microbiota data from pregnancy cohorts (N = 683 participants) in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we analyzed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences to identify clinical and demographic host factors that associate with vaginal microbiota structure in pregnancy both within and across diverse cohorts. Using PERMANOVA models, we assessed factors associated with vaginal community structure in pregnancy, examined whether host factors were conserved across populations, and tested the independent and combined effects of host factors on vaginal community state types (CSTs) using multinomial logistic regression models. Demographic and social factors explained a larger amount of variation in the vaginal microbiome in pregnancy than clinical factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!