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Unlocking the potential of miRNAs in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis: prospects and pitfalls.
Expert Rev Mol Med
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases globally, ranking as 13th leading cause of mortality and morbidity. According to the Global Tuberculosis Report 2022, TB claimed the lives of 1.6 million people worldwide in 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPositive HIV Screening Test in a Patient with Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Report.
Infect Drug Resist
November 2024
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Objective: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the pulmonary interstitium, posing significant challenges in identifying their underlying causes. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is the leading cause of ILD in people living with HIV (PLWH). In individuals with connective tissue diseases, ILD is a frequent complication with significant morbidity and mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHIV and risk of hypertension: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
BMC Infect Dis
November 2024
Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China.
Objective: Previous studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with hypertension; however, the results of these studies are affected by a variety of confounding factors. There is no definite evidence to prove a causal relationship between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between HIV infection and hypertension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleic acid amplification testing using dried blood spots to confirm the diagnosis of HIV-1 in adults.
J Clin Virol
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Background: The WHO HIV testing algorithm for high prevalence populations recommends the use of three different serologic assays, though this approach may lead to diagnostic misclassification. The study objective was to compare dried blood spot (DBS)-based HIV-1 nucleic acid detection methods to determine their suitability to confirm the diagnosis of HIV-1 in adults generally with suppressed or low-level plasma HIV-1 RNA.
Methods: Four methods were evaluated: Cepheid Xpert HIV-1 Qual Assay (Xpert), Hologic Aptima HIV-1 Quant Dx assay (Aptima), Roche Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 test, v.
Introduction: While pneumonia (PcP) remains a major AIDS-defining disease, the majority of cases of PcP now present in the HIV-negative cohort, causing significant mortality. PcP PCR diagnosis is not novel, and the optimal route of diagnosis remains unclear, with an imperfect reference method and complexity in result interpretation for alternative tests.
Areas Covered: This extensive review utilizing a literature search underpinning a recent systematic review/meta-analysis discusses the technical and clinical performance of PcP PCR, the added benefits of PCR testing, future aspects/considerations, and how PCR may be best used in clinical algorithms to provide a probability of PcP.
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