Intra-Articular Atelocollagen Injection for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defects in Rabbit Model.

Background: Atelocollagen is widely recognized as a biomaterial for regenerative medicine because of its good compatibility and low antigenicity. Injury of the outermost layer of articular cartilage, known as the lamina splendens, can lead to osteoarthritis (OA) and eventually full-thickness cartilage loss. The intra-articular injection of atelocollagen has been designed to restore the cartilage layer and cartilage defects in OA joints. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of atelocollagen as a cartilage supplement for joint defects.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of atelocollagen in animals with cartilage defects. Femoral groove defects were artificially created in 12 male New Zealand white rabbits, which were treated with intra-articular injection of either atelocollagen (experimental) or normal saline (control). The results were observed 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks following macroscopic and histological evaluations.

Results: At 3 weeks, cartilage tissue was restored in the experimental group, whereas the control group did not show signs of restoration. At 12 weeks, defects in both groups were filled with regenerated tissue, but the experimental group displayed a morphologically better appearance. Histologically, the regenerated tissue in the experimental group showed statistically significant improvement compared to the control group, with a structure similar to that of normal articular cartilage.

Conclusion: The results showed that the intra-articular injection of atelocollagen enhanced cartilage regeneration following rabbit patellar groove defects. Therefore, intra-articular injection of atelocollagen can be used as an effective supplement for joint defects.