NSAID prescriptions in kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Guidelines recommend that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) be avoided in kidney transplant recipients due to potential nephrotoxicity. It is unclear whether physicians are following these recommendations.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult kidney transplant recipients from 2008 to 2017 in Alberta, Canada. We determined the frequency and prescriber of NSAID prescriptions, the proportion with serum creatinine and potassium testing post-fill, and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI, serum creatinine increase of 50% or 26.5 μmol/L from baseline) and hyperkalemia (potassium 5.5 mmol/L) within 14 and 30 days.

Results: Of the 1730 kidney transplant recipients, 189 (11%) had at least one NSAID prescription over a median follow-up of 5 years (IQR 2-9) (280 unique prescriptions). The majority were prescribed by family physicians (67%). Approximately 25% and 50% of prescriptions had serum creatinine and potassium testing within 14 and 30 days, respectively. Of those with lab measurements within 14 days, 13% of prescriptions were associated with AKI and 5% had hyperkalemia.

Conclusions: Contrary to guidelines, one in 10 kidney transplant recipients are prescribed an NSAID, and most do not get follow-up testing of graft function and hyperkalemia. These findings call for improved education of patients and primary care providers.