Background: Acanthamoeba is a protozoan pathogen that is widely distributed in the environment. Given the opportunity, it can cause a serious eye infection known as Acanthamoeba keratitis as well as a fatal brain infection known as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Inappropriate use of contact lenses can contribute to contracting Acanthamoeba keratitis, and contact lens disinfectants are not always effective in eradicating Acanthamoeba. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel antimicrobial agents with efficient antiamoebic properties.
Objective: In this study, we tested octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA)-clay (montmorillonite) complex as a novel antiamoebic agent.
Methods: Using A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype of keratitis origin, amobicidal assays were performed to determine the effects of ODTMA-cay complex on the viability of parasites at various concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μg. Adhesion and cytopathogenicity assays were performed to investigate ODTMA effects on A. castellanii-mediated binding and damage to human cells. Encystation and excystation assays were conducted to establish ODTMA-mediated inhibitory effects against the cyst stage of A. castellanii.
Results: Using cell survival assays, the results revealed that ODTMA-clay complex exhibited amobicidal activity against keratitis-causing A. castellanii in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of A. castellanii with ODTMA-clay complex inhibited parasite adhesion to as well as parasite-mediated human cell damage. Using encystation and excystation assays, it was revealed that ODTMA-clay complex inhibited A. castellanii cysts at 100 μg (P<0.05).
Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, it was shown that ODTMA-clay complex exhibited anti-Acanthamoebic activities. The possibility of adding ODTMA-clay in a contact lens cleaning solution to formulate effective disinfectants is discussed further.
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Antibacterial effects of octadecyl trimethylammonium micelle-clay complex against bacterial eye pathogens: potential as a contact lens disinfectant.
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Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Aim: In this study, we utilized a micelle-clay complex composed of the surfactant octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and montmorillonite clay and evaluated its antibacterial effects.
Methods: Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus, bactericidal assays were performed to determine the effects of ODTMA-clay complex on the viability of bacterial pathogen at various doses and different intervals of time. Cytotoxicity assays were performed to investigate ODTMA-clay complex effects on human cells, as determined by release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase.
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College of Arts and Sciences (N.A., R.S., M.K.); College of Engineering (T.I.), American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; and Department of Clinical Sciences (N.A.K.), College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, Unites Arab Emirates.
Background: Acanthamoeba is a protozoan pathogen that is widely distributed in the environment. Given the opportunity, it can cause a serious eye infection known as Acanthamoeba keratitis as well as a fatal brain infection known as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Inappropriate use of contact lenses can contribute to contracting Acanthamoeba keratitis, and contact lens disinfectants are not always effective in eradicating Acanthamoeba.
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