Advances in retinal imaging are enabling researchers and clinicians to make precise noninvasive measurements of the retinal vasculature in vivo. This includes measurements of capillary blood flow, the regulation of blood flow, and the delivery of oxygen, as well as mapping of perfused blood vessels. These advances promise to revolutionize our understanding of vascular regulation, as well as the management of retinal vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of imaging and optical measurements of the function and structure of the ocular vasculature. We include general characteristics of vascular systems with an emphasis on the eye and its unique status. The functions of vascular systems are discussed, along with physical principles governing flow and its regulation. Vascular measurement techniques based on reflectance and absorption are briefly introduced, emphasizing ways of generating contrast. One of the prime ways to enhance contrast within vessels is to use techniques sensitive to the motion of cells, allowing precise measurements of perfusion and blood velocity. Finally, we provide a brief introduction to retinal vascular diseases.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8446336 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-093019-113719 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Response of capillaries and small arterioles to full-field flicker is not dependent on local ganglion cell thickness.
Biomed Opt Express
January 2025
School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
To measure the influence of ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness on the changes in size and red blood cell (RBC) flow in small retinal vessels evoked by full-field flicker. We used a dual-beam adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope to image 11 healthy young controls in two retinal areas with significantly different GCL thicknesses. All capillaries and arterioles of the superficial vascular plexus were responsive to the flicker stimulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHOMA-IR value in predicting retinal microvascular dysfunction.
Narra J
December 2024
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
Obesity and retinal microvasculature dysfunction are linked and impact visual acuity. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the HOMA-IR score and the presence of vascular dysfunction (capillary perfusion and flux index) of the optic nerve head (ONH) of the retina in obese patients and to determine its diagnostic performance to predict vascular dysfunction. A case-control study was conducted in 2022 involving individuals from obese and non-obese groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnsupervised domain adaptation teacher-student network for retinal vessel segmentation via full-resolution refined model.
Sci Rep
January 2025
School of Computer Science, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, 410205, China.
Retinal blood vessels are the only blood vessels in the human body that can be observed non-invasively. Changes in vessel morphology are closely associated with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other systemic diseases, and computers can help doctors identify these changes by automatically segmenting blood vessels in fundus images. If we train a highly accurate segmentation model on one dataset (source domain) and apply it to another dataset (target domain) with a different data distribution, the segmentation accuracy will drop sharply, which is called the domain shift problem.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn vivo assessment of regional scleral stiffness by shear wave elastography and its association with choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer characteristics in high myopia.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
Purpose: To evaluate the posterior scleral stiffness of different regions in high myopic eyes and to explore its associations with macular choroidal and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and vasculature.
Methods: Thirty subjects with high myopic eyes and 30 subjects with low myopic eyes were included in this study. The elastic modulus of the macular and peripapillary sclera at the temporal, nasal, superior and inferior regions were determined via shear wave elastography (SWE).
Surgical Parameters and Prognostic Factors in Persistent Fetal Vasculature: Insights from a Retrospective Cohort Study.
Ophthalmol Ther
January 2025
Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Al Urubah Branche Rd., West Building 2nd Floor, 11462, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction: Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) is a congenital anomaly associated with significant surgical challenges, including a high risk of postoperative retinal detachment (RD). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of surgical approach and axial length (AL) on RD risk and visual outcomes in pediatric PFV management.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 76 eyes of 74 patients who underwent cataract surgery for PFV between 2014 and 2022.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!