The surveillance of R-plasmids consists of: (1.) Ecological and epidemiological investigations. (1.1.) Prevalence of R-plasmids in pathogenic and apathogenic bacteria occurring in the biotic environment (man, animal); in the abiotic environment (sewage, food, feed); under high selection pressure (hospital, animal production, plant production). (2.) Biological investigations. (2.1.) Genetic properties of R-plasmids: (2.2.) Plasmid induced variations of the properties of the host bacteria (virulence, phage pattern, antigenic pattern, serological properties). The problems resulting from plasmid-mediated drug resistance call for a strict chemotherapeutic drug policy with the regard to ecological processes.
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