We assessed severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic sensitivity and cycle threshold (Ct) values relative to symptom onset in symptomatic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients from Bavaria, Germany, of whom a subset was repeatedly tested. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing method was used to assess the relationship between symptom onset and Ct-values. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to visualise the empirical probability of detecting viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) over time and estimate the time until clearance of viral RNA among the repeatedly tested patients. Among 721 reported COVID-19 cases, the viral RNA was detected in specimens taken between three days before and up to 48 days after symptom onset. The mean Ct-value was 28.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 28.2-29.0) with the lowest mean Ct-value (26.2) observed two days after symptom onset. Up to 7 days after symptom onset, the diagnostic sensitivity of the RT-PCR among repeatedly sampled patients (n = 208) remained above 90% and decreased to 50% at day 12 (95% CI 10.5-21.5). Our data provide valuable estimates to optimise the timing of sampling of individuals for SARS-CoV-2 detection. A considerable proportion of specimens sampled before symptom onset had Ct-values comparable with Ct-values after symptom onset, suggesting the probability of presymptomatic transmission.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268821001345 | DOI Listing |
Background: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a newly identified metabolic marker for atherosclerosis. However, there are inconsistent conclusions regarding the relationship between AIP and hypertension.
Methods: The study subjects were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2017 to 2020.
J Am Chem Soc
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder in which pancreatic β-cells are destroyed by CD8 T cells. Anti-CD3 antibody effectively treats early-stage T1D when β-cell autoantibodies are detected but before symptoms appear. However, it impairs the immune system temporarily, exposing individuals to infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Med Sci
March 2025
Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan.
This case report highlights a potential vaccine safety concern associated with the Pseudorabies virus (PRV) live vaccine, which warrants further investigation for comprehensive understanding. Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), a novel syndrome of adverse events following adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccines, was observed after vaccination with Zoetis PR-VAC PLUS. This led to a 100% morbidity and high mortality among PRV-free Danish purebred pigs from Danish Genetics Co.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Oncol
January 2025
Gustave Roussy Departement Interdisciplinaire de Soins de Support aux Patients en Onco-hematologie, Villejuif, France.
Purpose Of Review: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become an integral part of oncology treatment. ICI currently has approval for more than thirty tumor types with proven efficacy. However, ICI can expose patients to inflammatory side effects, such as immuno-related adverse events (irAE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Oncol
December 2024
Université Paris Saclay, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, CEA, INSERM UMR 1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin Bicêtre France, France.
Purpose Of Review: Long-term immune related adverse events (irAEs) are an increasing reality in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) but remain under-reported. With the number of ICI treated patients increasing, we here aimed to expose the current evidence on their clinical presentations and diagnosis criteria.
Recent Findings: First described in ICI validation trials, long term irAEs were further characterized through retrospective studies, providing clues on their frequency, clinical spectrum, risk factors and impact on patient's quality of life.
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