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Wheat powdery mildew, caused by f. sp. , is managed primarily with cultivar resistance and foliar fungicides. Quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs), which target the mitochondrial cytochrome () gene, are one of the two main fungicide classes used on wheat. While European populations of f. sp. are widely insensitive to QoIs, largely because of the cytb mutation G143A, the QoI sensitivity of the U.S. f. sp. population had never been evaluated despite years of QoI use on U.S. wheat. A total of 381 f. sp. isolates from 15 central and eastern U.S. states were screened for sensitivity to QoI fungicides pyraclostrobin and picoxystrobin. A modest range of sensitivities was observed, with maximum resistance factors of 11.2 for pyraclostrobin and 5.3 for picoxystrobin. The F129L, G137R, and G143A cytb mutations were not detected in the U.S. f. sp. population, nor were mutations identified in the PEWY loop, a key part of the Qo site. Thus, no genetic basis for the observed quantitative variation in QoI sensitivity of U.S. f. sp. was identified. Isolate sporulation was weakly negatively associated with reduced QoI sensitivity, suggesting a fitness cost. In the course of the study, the complete f. sp. gene sequence was determined for the first time in the isolate 96224 v. 3.16 reference genome. Contrary to previous reports, the gene has an intron that appears to belong to intron group II, which is unusual in fungi. The study was the first QoI sensitivity screening of a large, geographically diverse set of U.S. f. sp. isolates, and while the population as a whole remains relatively sensitive, some quantitative loss of efficacy was observed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-21-0132-R | DOI Listing |
J Fungi (Basel)
November 2024
Botany and Plant Pathology Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Microsc Res Tech
October 2024
Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Plant Dis
September 2024
North Carolina State University at Raleigh, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mills River, North Carolina, United States;
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), Glomerella fruit rot (GFR) and apple bitter rot (ABR), caused by Colletotrichum spp. are amongst the most devastating apple diseases in the southeastern United States. While several species have been identified as causal pathogens of GLS, GFR, and ABR, their relative frequency and fungicide sensitivity status in the southeastern U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPestic Biochem Physiol
September 2024
College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China. Electronic address:
The destructive disease gray leaf spot, caused by Stemphylium solani, is prevalent in tomato plants in China. A variety of fungicides have been extensively used for controlling the disease, with a particular focus on succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) and quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs). However, there was a lack of information regarding the resistance of S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Dis
September 2024
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Plant Pathology, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States;
was recently identified as the major species in corn and soybean fields in Nebraska and was shown to be pathogenic on corn and soybean seedlings. Fungicide seed treatments commonly used to manage seedling diseases include prothioconazole (demethylation inhibitor), fludioxonil (phenylpyrrole), sedaxane (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor), and azoxystrobin (quinone outside inhibitor; QoI). To establish the sensitivity of to these fungicides, we isolated this pathogen from corn and soybean fields in Nebraska during 2015 to 2017 and estimated the relative effective concentration for 50% inhibition (EC) of a total of 91 isolates from Nebraska and Illinois.
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