The evolution of lung cancer treatment is an example of new perspectives in clinical oncology. Genomically determined targeted therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is developing very rapidly with the gradual identification of new target structures and the concomitant development of innovative drugs are a great promise for the future. The historical development of systemic treatment of NSCLC is a model example of the path to accurate (precise) treatment. The innovation of the treatment has led to the shift from (non-targeted) cytostatic treatment to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. The targeted treatment and immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors have led to breakthrough prolongation of survival in patients with advanced NSCLC. According to a recent European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) recommendation, NSCLC is therefore one of the diagnoses where an examination using the next-generation sequencing panel should be performed as a standard.
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