Recovery of brain function lost to disease or in old age is a challenging task in regenerative medicine. In the last two decades, therapeutic strategies have undergone significant shifts by a succession of major discoveries from adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis to the development of induced pluripotent stem cells to technologies for reprogramming cells in vitro and in vivo. Now, extracellular vesicles, small membrane-bound vesicles released by all cells and containing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, emerge as the next major technological opportunity. While substantial progress has been made on their potential use in therapy and EVs have entered many clinical trials, major aspects of their physiological role, in particular regarding their influence on brain function, remain unknown. However, a better understanding of their actual in vivo function, scope of communication, and possibilities to alter cellular processes in target cells will be needed. This review places EVs in the developing landscape of strategies for cellular repair of the brain and highlights their potential by looking at some recent progress in our understanding of their function in vivo.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2021.06.001 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
An improvised one-step OptiPrep cushion ultracentrifugation method for outer membrane vesicles isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
BMC Microbiol
December 2024
Jiang Xi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, P.R. China.
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intraspecies and interspecies communication, significantly influencing physiological and pathological processes. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by Gram-negative bacteria are rich in components from the parent cells and are important for bacterial communication, immune evasion, and pathogenic mechanisms. However, the extraction and purification of OMVs face numerous challenges due to their small size and heterogeneity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPTEN loss in glioma cell lines leads to increased extracellular vesicle biogenesis and PD-L1 cargo in a PI3K-dependent manner.
J Biol Chem
December 2024
Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. Electronic address:
Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue (PTEN) is one of the most frequently lost tumor suppressors in cancer and the predominant negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT signaling axis. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the loss of PTEN with immuno-modulatory functions including the upregulation of the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), an altered tumor derived secretome that drives an immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and resistance to certain immunotherapies. Given their roles in immunosuppression and tumor growth, we examined whether the loss of PTEN would impact the biogenesis, cargo, and function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the context of the anti-tumor associated cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngiogenesis-promoting effect of SKP-SC-EVs-derived miRNA-30a-5p in peripheral nerve regeneration by targeting LIF and ANGPT2.
J Biol Chem
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China. Electronic address:
Ischemia and hypoxia caused by vascular injury intensify nerve damage. Skin precursor-derived Schwann cells have demonstrated an accelerated in vivo pre-vascularization of tissue-engineered nerves. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles from skin precursor-derived Schwann cells (SKP-SC-EVs) show the potential in aiding peripheral nerve regeneration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRapid evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma by detecting plasma exosomes with time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic test strips.
Mikrochim Acta
December 2024
School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic test strips (TRFIS) was developed for the rapid detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific plasma exosomes (hExos) by targeting the hExo-surface membrane protein glypican-3 (GPC3). The GPC3-TRFIS could directly detect plasma exosomes without the isolation and purification process, and the whole immunoassay could be completed within 15 min. The visual detection limit of GPC3-TRFIS was 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRNA profiles differ between small and large extracellular vesicle subsets isolated from porcine seminal plasma.
BMC Genomics
December 2024
Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential for cell-to-cell communication because they transport functionally active molecules, including proteins, RNA, and lipids, from secretory cells to nearby or distant target cells. Seminal plasma contains a large number of EVs (sEVs) that are phenotypically heterogeneous. The aim of the present study was to identify the RNA species contained in two subsets of porcine sEVs of different sizes, namely small sEVs (S-sEVs) and large sEVs (L-sEVs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!