Many individuals with developmental disabilities exhibit noncompliance during intensive instruction. As a treatment for noncompliance, the high-probability instructional sequence (high-p sequence) consists of delivering several high-p instructions before a low-p instruction. The purpose of this study was to extend the research on comparing consequences for high-p demands-namely, praise, edibles, and videos-with an 11-year-old girl diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome. CHARGE syndrome is a rare medical condition often resulting in multisensory impairments and developmental delays. In Treatment Analysis 1, we compared praise versus edibles as consequences for compliance with high- and low-p instructions. Results showed the edibles were initially more effective than praise, but the effects did not maintain. In Treatment Analysis 2, we changed the consequence for compliance with high- and low-p instructions to a music video and then attempted to fade the number of high-p instructions. We replicated the efficacy of the high-p sequence but failed to fade the number of high-p instructions and failed to achieve maintenance. Therefore, in Treatment Analysis 3, we conducted presession preference assessments of music videos in order to use a selected video as the consequence for compliance. This "varied reinforcement" intervention resulted in high levels of compliance. Results are discussed in terms of motivating operations and recommendations for practice.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00524-w | DOI Listing |
Indian Pediatr
January 2025
ICMR Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Correspondence to: Dr Manoj Murhekar, Director-in-Charge, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 273013.
Objective: To estimate the proportion of children with acute febrile illness (AFI) attending the peripheral health facilities in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, due to Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ots) and re-evaluate the strategy of presumptive administration of doxycycline/azithromycin (PDA) to patients with AFI.
Methods: Children aged 2-18 years with AFI attending 16 peripheral health facilities in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, were enrolled in September 2023. Blood samples were tested for O.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Developmental delays have been associated with metabolic disturbances in children. Previous research in the childhood autism risk from genetics and the environment (CHARGE) case-control study identified neurodevelopment-related plasma metabolites in children, suggesting disturbances in the energy-related tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and 1-carbon metabolism (1CM). Here, we investigated associations between children's neurodevelopmental outcomes and their mothers' plasma metabolite profiles in a subset of mother-child dyads from CHARGE, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 209), Down syndrome (DS, n = 76), idiopathic developmental delay (iDD, n = 64), and typically developed (TD, n = 185) controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Hum Genet
January 2025
Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, the University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, the University of Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK. Electronic address:
The mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) synthesizes 13 protein subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system encoded by the mitochondrial genome. The mitoribosome is composed of 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and 82 mitoribosomal proteins encoded by nuclear genes. To date, variants in 12 genes encoding mitoribosomal proteins are associated with rare monogenic disorders and frequently show combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Surg Case Rep
December 2024
King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, KKESH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction And Importance: Sturge Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a congenital neurocutaneous disorder that affects several organs. Abnormal ocular findings are typically on the same side as the SWS. These changes can affect various parts of the eye, including the eyelid, front chamber, cornea, choroid, and retina.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Thorac Oncol
December 2024
Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, (TO), Italy. Electronic address:
Background: To reduce the gap about the relevant heterogeneity of molecular testing and cancer care across Europe, Women Against Lung Cancer in Europe (WALCE) promoted the European Program for ROutine testing of Patients with Advanced lung cancer (EPROPA) and provided a free-of-charge molecular profiling platform for non-small cell lung cancer sample characterization with the aim of increasing the detection of targetable drivers and improving patients' access to clinical trials.
Methods: From January 2021 to December 2023, 20 centres located at 5 different European countries (Greece, Slovenia, Romania, Albania and Italy) joined EPROPA, with 555 advanced NSCLC patients registered into the program. Anonymized patients' clinical-pathological data were shared through the EPROPA web platform and tissue samples were collected to the Molecular Pathology Unit of the Reference Center (University of Turin) for molecular analyses.
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