Pycnodysostosis: a case report and literature review concerning oral and maxillofacial complications and their management.

Objective: There is a lack of knowledge regarding pycnodysostosis (PYCD), which is commonly misdiagnosed as other, similar malformations. This study aims to report a patient with PYCD and conjointly present a comprehensive literature review regarding oral complications after oral surgery procedures.

Study Design: This study aims to report a noteworthy case of a 40-year-old woman with PYCD who suffered from a midface defect after iatrogenic fracture during extraction of the upper right molars. A comprehensive electronic search was carried out in January 2020 for detection and analysis of the most commonly encountered dentoalveolar PYCD-related complications. The study was granted an exemption from the local institutional review board.

Results: The electronic search yielded 35 articles reporting 41 PYCD cases with 62 various reported dentoalveolar complications. The survey reported a prevalence of osteomyelitis (n = 39) followed by pathologic fracture (n = 17), iatrogenic fracture (n = 5), and oronasal communication (n = 1).

Conclusions: This study advocates handling patients with PYCD with care through the use of extensive clinical and radiographic examinations, giving priority to any conservative treatment modalities, atraumatic surgical procedures, prophylactic antibiotic prescriptions, and a regular follow-up schedule to tackle any anticipated complications.