Halophytes Differ in Their Adaptation to Soil Environment in the Yellow River Delta: Effects of Water Source, Soil Depth, and Nutrient Stoichiometry.

The Yellow River Delta is water, salt, and nutrient limited and hence the growth of plants depend on the surrounding factors. Understanding the water, salt, and stoichiometry of plants and soil systems from the perspective of different halophytes is useful for exploring their survival strategies. Thus, a comprehensive investigation of water, salt, and stoichiometry characteristics in different halophytes and soil systems was carried out in this area. Results showed that the oxygen isotopes (δO) of three halophytes were significantly different ( < 0.05). primarily used rainwater and soil water, while and mainly used soil water. The contributions of rainwater to three halophytes (, , and ) were 50.9, 9.1, and 18.5%, respectively. The carbon isotope (δC) analysis showed that had the highest water use efficiency, followed by and . Na content in the aboveground and underground parts of different halophytes was all followed an order of > > . C content and N:P in leaves of and N content of leaves in were significantly positively correlated with Na. Redundancy analysis (RDA) between plants and each soil layer showed that there were different correlation patterns in the three halophytes. primarily used rainwater and soil water with low salt content in 60-80 cm, while the significant correlation indexes of C:N:P stoichiometry between plant and soil were mainly in a 20-40 cm soil layer. In , the soil layer with the highest contribution of soil water and the closest correlation with the C:N:P stoichiometry of leaves were both in 10-20 cm layers, while were mainly in 40-80 cm soil layers. So, the sources of soil water and nutrient of were located in different soil layers, while there were spatial consistencies of soils in water and nutrient utilization of and . These results are beneficial to a comprehensive understanding of the adaptability of halophytes in the Yellow River Delta.