Signatures of B Cell Receptor Repertoire Following Infection.

B cells play vital roles in host defense against infection. However, the features of the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire in disease progression remain unclear. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell BCR sequencing of immune cells from mouse lungs in an uninfected state and 1-4 weeks post-infection in order to illustrate the dynamic nature of B cell responses during infection. We identified continuously increased plasma cells and an elevated ratio of (IgA + IgG) to (IgD + IgM) after infection. Moreover, infection was associated with an increasing naïve B subset characterized by elevated expression of the transcription factor . The proportion of clonal expanded cells progressively increased, while BCR diversity decreased. Plasma cells exhibited higher levels of somatic hypermutation than naïve B cells. Biased usage of V(D)J genes was observed, and the usage frequency of rose. Overall, these results present a detailed atlas of B cell transcriptional changes and BCR repertoire features in the context of infection, which provides valuable information for finding diagnostic biomarkers and developing potential immunotherapeutic targets.