Behaviourism is the underpinning learning theory of many teaching and assessment tools utilised to enhance the effectiveness of learning. Feedback, reinforcements, motivation, learning outcomes and objectives are a few among many which are implied by the medical teachers while teaching both basic and clinical sciences to students. The claim of behaviourism being redundant or dead is not based on realities. The behaviourist approach is and will remain the most powerful theory to be implied in educational processes for gaining successful outcomes.
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Mapping the parent experience of echolalia in autism spectrum disorder onto a conceptual taxonomy.
Int J Speech Lang Pathol
December 2024
Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Purpose: Echolalia, the repetition of previously heard speech, is prevalent in a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Within the context of echolalia in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research and intervention historically assume a clinical standpoint with two opposing paradigms: behaviourism and developmentalism. The literature is largely silent on how those other than researchers and clinicians understand echolalia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCriticizing Danaher's Approach to Superficial State Deception.
Sci Eng Ethics
August 2023
Faculty of Philosophy, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
If existing or future robots appear to have some capacity, state or property, how can we determine whether they truly have it or whether we are deceived into believing so? John Danaher addresses this question by formulating his approach to what he refers to as superficial state deception (SSD) from the perspective of his theory termed ethical behaviourism (EB), which was initially designed to determine the moral status of robots. In summary, Danaher believes that focusing on behaviour is sufficient to determine whether SSD occurs. My general claim is that Danaher's approach to SSD based on EB is implausible since it results in the impossibility of conceptualizing SSD, e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUp-regulation of CREB-1 regulates tendon adhesion in the injury tendon healing through the CREB-1/TGF-β3 signaling pathway.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord
April 2023
Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
Aim: To explore the mechanism of the healing of tendon tissue and anti-adhesion, and to discuss the role of the transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3)/cAMP response element binding protein-1 (CREB-1) signaling pathway in the healing process of tendons.
Method: All mice were divided into four groups of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks respectively. Each time group was divided into four treatment groups: the amplification group, the inhibition group, the negative group, and the control group.
Echolalia as defined by parent communication partners.
Autism Dev Lang Impair
January 2023
Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
Backgrounds And Aims: Echolalia, the repetition of previous speech, is highly prevalent in Autism. Research into echolalia has historically assumed a clinical standpoint, with two opposing paradigms, behaviourism and developmentalism, offering differing support and intervention programs. These paradigms offer a multitude of clinical operationalised definitions; despite attempts, there continue to be challenges regarding how echolalia is to be defined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLanguage and learning: the cognitive revolution at 60-odd.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc
June 2023
Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of Cambridge Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 9DA, UK.
Article Synopsis
- The cognitive revolution emerged mid-20th century, challenging behaviorism's view of learning purely as behavior changes from reinforcement, advocating instead for understanding mental processes behind these behaviors.
- Current debates focus on language and learning, with the cognitive approach gaining traction in learning theory, while language studies show a tendency towards neo-behaviorism, viewing language as learned through observation and cultural transmission.
- The authors argue that both learning and language are best understood through a cognitive lens, emphasizing the mind as a computational system and highlighting evidence that language relies on an independent cognitive system.
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