Systematic and standardized evaluation of superficial venous disease, guided by knowledge of the various clinical presentations, venous anatomy, and pathophysiology of reflux, is essential for appropriate diagnosis and optimal treatment. Duplex ultrasonography is the standard for delineating venous anatomy, detecting anatomic variants, and identifying the origin of venous insufficiency. This article reviews tools and techniques essential for physical examination and ultrasound assessment of patients with superficial venous disease.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8175108 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727103 | DOI Listing |
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